Author: Abdullah A, Malik T, Shuja H, Bashir M, Wamiq U, Ibrahim HY, Aamir MS.
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Journal of the Neurological Sciences | The immune awakening: Transformative strategies against brain tumors
Article Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2026.125787
Glioblastoma multiforme remains the deadliest primary brain tumor, largely due to its ability to evade the immune defenses of the central nervous system. This review highlights how GBM exploits mechanisms such as MHC downregulation, immunosuppressive cytokine secretion, metabolic reprogramming, and recruitment of Tregs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, reinforced by tumor heterogeneity and the blood–tumor barrier.
Emerging immunotherapies — including cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies, and oncolytic viruses — show promise but are challenged by immune suppression, limited blood–brain barrier penetration, and tumor diversity. Novel strategies involving the gut microbiome and combinatorial approaches may help overcome resistance, though continued research is critical to improve patient outcomes.
Read the full article for an in-depth review of GBM immunology and therapeutic advances.
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