Journal of the Neurological Sciences issue 467 now available

Research Article

Recent and future advances in intracerebral hemorrhage

Puy et al.

Published online: November 26, 2024

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is defined by the rupture of a cerebral blood vessel and the entry of blood into the brain parenchyma. With a global incidence of around 3.5 million, ICH accounts for almost 30 % of all new strokes worldwide. It is also the deadliest form of acute stroke and survivors are at risk of poor functional outcome.

Among survivors, the global vascular risk is now better established, but optimal secondary prevention is still unclear and is based on an individual benefit-risk balance evaluation.

Prevalence and risk surveillance of anti-mitochondrial antibody-positive myositis: Outcomes of a nationwide survey

Published online: October 28, 2024

Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)-positive myositis is a chronic disease characterized by skeletal muscle atrophy and is associated with cardiac complications and restrictive ventilatory impairment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, rate of organ complications, and prognostic risk factors of AMA-positive myositis.

A total of 380 patients were identified, with a prevalence rate of 0.3 per 100,000 persons. The frequencies of cardiac complications and restrictive ventilatory impairment were 53 and 33 %, respectively; whereas, those of cardiac device and respirator introduction were 32 and 22 %, respectively.

Plasma neurofilament light outperforms glial fibrillary acidic protein in differentiating behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia from primary psychiatric disorders

Published online: November 8, 2024

We investigated plasma GFAP and NfL levels in participants with bvFTD, bipolar affective disorder (BPAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), healthy controls (HC), adjusting for age and sex. We compared ability of GFAP and NfL to distinguish bvFTD from PPD.

This study found elevated GFAP levels in bvFTD compared to a large cohort of PPD, but NfL levels exhibited better performance in this distinction. These findings extend the literature on GFAP in bvFTD and build evidence for plasma NfL as a useful biomarker to assist with distinguishing bvFTD from PPD. Utilisation of NfL may improve timely and accurate diagnosis of bvFTD.

The impact of gut microbiome and diet on post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Published online: November 10, 2024

Long-term changes to the gut microbiome persist after acute infection and may increase susceptibility to PASC. This study builds on existing knowledge of determinants of PASC and highlights a relationship between nutrition, gut microbiome, acute-phase COVID-19, and, subsequently, PASC susceptibility.