Meta meta-analysis of cardiovascular risk factors in Alzheimer's disease

Olalla Saiz-Vazquez, Silvia Ubillos-Landa, Alicia Puente-Martínez

• Article 100590
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100590
• View PDF

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Identifying some of the cardiovascular risk factors for AD could be crucial for primary prevention and help reduce the incidence of AD. The study's objective: to perform a meta-meta-analysis of 3 studies to assess the effect of cholesterol, blood pressure and stroke on diagnosis of AD.

Rehabilitation for functional enhancement of myasthenia gravis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wen Xiangxiang, Shen Mengjiao, Jia Shoumei, Yu Kaitao, ... Jia Jie

• Article 100591
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100591
• View PDF

Abstract

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare neuromuscular disorder that causes muscle weakness and fatigue. This review evaluates the current evidence on the efficacy, tolerance and adherence of rehabilitative interventions.

Efficacy and safety of intravenous Levetiracetam as first-line treatment for neonatal clinical seizures: A single-center study (2021−2023)

Mojtaba Movahedinia, Seyed Reza Mirjalili, Narges Abedi Ardekani, Farimah Shamsi

• Article 100583
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100583
• View PDF

Abstract

Neonatal seizures demand urgent treatment to mitigate neurodevelopmental risks. This study evaluates intravenous levetiracetam's efficacy and safety as first-line therapy for seizures in term neonates.

Recreational nitrous oxide abuse and myeloneuropathy among Vietnamese youth: A descriptive study of 35 cases

Duc Nguyen Dang, Anh Lam Nguyen Hong, Bach Nguyen Dang

• Article 100588
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100588
• View PDF

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) misuse has become increasingly prevalent among young adults in Vietnam, with growing reports of neurological complications. This is a retrospective analysis of 35 patients with N₂O-induced neurotoxicity.

Prevalence and risk factors of pediatric seizures in COVID-19 infection: A study from Thailand

Natnicha Praphaphanthasak, Vitchayaporn Emarach Saengow

• Article 100586
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100586
• View PDF

Abstract

This retrospective study involves pediatric patients aged 1 month to 15 years who had clinical seizures as a primary symptom alongside COVID-19 infection. Patients diagnosed with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) were excluded. It was conducted at Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital from December 1, 2019, to December 30, 2022. Demographic data were recorded. The prevalence of seizures and associated risk factors were evaluated.

Weight loss remains a challenge for idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients: A retrospective case series from Kenya

Zian Muikamba, Jaskirat Sokhi, Jasmit Shah, Sheila Marco, ... Dilraj Sokhi

• Article 100592
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100592
• View PDF

Abstract

This retrospective cross-sectional study at tertiary regional referral neurology centre in Nairobi, Kenya, sees data extracted from medical files of patients meeting the diagnostic criteria for IIH aged >18 years who were diagnosed or managed at AKUHN from January 2011 to December 2022.

Post-stroke fatigue and its consequences in young adults: The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study II

Mohamad Farah, Beenish Nawaz, Annette Fromm, Sahrai Saeed, ... Halvor Næss

• Article 100593
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100593
• View PDF

Abstract

This study analysed data from 130 patients aged 15–49 years with MRI-confirmed acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the Norwegian Stroke in Young Study II. Fatigue and cognitive symptoms were assessed using standardized self-report and clinical evaluations at 1y-FU. Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of persistent fatigue, adjusting for age, sex, and stroke severity.

Longitudinal trends in stroke risk factors and mortality over 20 years from a central stroke referral center in Pakistan using clinically digitized data

Namrah Aziz, Shafaq Saleem, Saadia Sattar, Sara Khan, ... Ayeesha Kamran Kamal

• Article 100598
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100598
• View PDF

Abstract

In this retrospective study, a secondary analysis was conducted using clinically digitized records from the Aga Khan University Hospital. Patients aged ≥18 years, admitted with stroke, and discharged between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2018, were included. Stroke subtypes were classified using ICD-9 CM codes as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and cross checked against discharge diagnosis and neuroimaging reports to validate case identification. The retrospective, single-center design and possible variability in coding accuracy should be considered limitations when interpreting results.

Spectacular shrinking deficit followed by delayed Hemichorea-Hemiballismus: Redefining the stroke-TIA spectrum

Moustafa A. Mansour, Mohamed Abdel-Fattah El-Salamoni, Hamdi Nabawi Mostafa

• Article 100589
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100589
• View PDF

Abstract

Spectacular shrinking deficit (SSD) is an exceptionally rare cerebrovascular phenomenon defined by the rapid and near-complete resolution of severe neurological deficits following major hemispheric ischemia. We present the first documented case of SSD manifesting as hemichorea-hemiballismus syndrome—a striking and clinically distinct presentation that challenges current understanding of stroke sequelae. A 59-year-old diabetic female developed violent, involuntary left-sided movements one week after transient left hemiplegia, which resolved spontaneously. Neuroimaging revealed T1 hyperintensities in the right striatum without contrast enhancement, subtle diffusion abnormalities, and focal right MCA stenosis, while metabolic workup ruled out hyperglycemic chorea. The patient's refractory symptoms responded uniquely to tetrabenazine, further supporting an ischemic rather than metabolic etiology.

Parkinsonism in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease: A case report

Santiago Poveda, Juan Sebastián Montealegre-Claros, Lina María Lancheros, Maria Alejandra Cruz, Oscar Bernal Pacheco

• Article 100587
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100587
• View PDF

Abstract

Autosomal dominant prion diseases of the central nervous system, including Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and fatal familial insomnia, are caused by mutations in the PRNP gene. These conditions exhibit highly variable clinical and pathological features, making diagnosis challenging, with poor survival outcomes. In Colombia, the incidence of prion diseases remains unknown. This is a report case of GSS with parkinsonism, a rare presentation, emphasizing intrafamilial variability with the same pathogenic variant, underscoring the importance of reporting each case.

¹⁸F-MK-6240 uptake in cortical tau and hemorrhagic lesions in a case of Alzheimer's disease with possible crossed aphasia

Masaki Ikeda, Kenji Ishibashi, Masakuni Amari, Masaru Matsumura, ... Masamitsu Takatama

• Article 100596
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100596
• View PDF

Abstract

A report neuroimaging findings from a 74-year-old right-handed male with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and lesions of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), utilizing ¹¹C-PiB-PET, ¹⁸F-THK5351-PET, and ¹⁸F-MK-6240-PET. ¹¹C-PiB-PET showed positive findings consistent with AD. ¹⁸F-THK5351 accumulated in regions of astrogliosis due to tau pathology, subcortical hemorrhage, cortical superficial siderosis (cSS), and monoamine oxidase-B rich areas. ¹⁸F-MK-6240 accumulated in regions with tau pathology, subcortical hemorrhage, and cSS, but not notably in CAA-related microbleeds (CMBs). ^99mTc-ECD SPECT, conducted 9 years post-diagnosis, revealed reduced cerebral blood flow in the bilateral lower temporal lobes and the right posterior temporo-parietal lobes, overlapping the subcortical hemorrhage and cSS...

Acute pneumocephalus following epidural procedure: An unusual presentation with hypertensive emergency and loss of consciousness

Sindu Mukesh, Sarayu Devabhaktuni, Sonum Devi, Ramit Singla, Chetan Saini

• Article 100595
• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2025.100595
• View PDF

Abstract

Pneumocephalus, the presence of air within the intracranial space, is a rare but recognized complication following epidural procedures. It is more commonly associated with neurosurgical interventions or trauma. This report sees a 94-year- old female who developed acute pneumocephalus during an epidural steroid injection, presenting with severe dizziness, hypertensive emergency (BP 236/137 mmHg), loss of consciousness, and subsequent spontaneous recovery. Computed tomography (CT) of the head revealed air in the suprasellar region, subarachnoid space, and third ventricle. The patient was treated conservatively with 100 % oxygen and positioning, showing marked improvement on follow-up imaging. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and management of pneumocephalus following epidural procedures, which can manifest with diverse and potentially severe symptoms.