JNS.jpgThe October issue of the Journal of the Neurological Sciences Vol 441 is now available online.

 

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Issue highlights

Full length article

Adjuvant high-flow normobaric oxygen after mechanical thrombectomy for posterior circulation stroke: A randomized clinical trial

Cheng et al.

 

Recent studies suggest only a third of posterior circulation stroke patients have a good functional outcome with a high mortality after mechanical thrombectomy. To mitigate mortality rates and increase functional outcomes, we investigated the safety and efficacy of high-flow, normobaric oxygen (NBO) after endovascular recanalization in posterior circulation stroke.

This is a prospective randomized controlled study. Eligible patients were randomized to receive high-flow NBO by a Venturi mask (FiO2 50%, flow 15 L/min) or routine low-flow oxygen supplementation by nasal cannula (flow 3 L/min) after vessel recanalization for 6 h. Patient demographics, procedural metrics, complications, functional outcomes, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and infarct volume were assessed.

Our results indicate that high-flow adjuvant NBO therapy was safe. However, the current study does not provide evidence for a significant neuroprotection effect in posterior circulation stroke patients after endovascular recanalization.


Full length article

Protective and anti-oxidative effects of curcumin and resveratrol on Aβ-oligomer-induced damage in the SH-SY5Y cell line

Yu et al.

 

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disorder characterized by the loss of synapses and neurons in the brain, and results in the accumulation of amyloid-based neurotic plaques. Amyloid-β oligomers (AβO) are widely accepted as the main neurotoxin that induces oxidative stress and neuronal loss in AD.

In this study, an oxidative stress model of the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line exposed to AβO was established to simulate an AD cell model. Exposure to AβO significantly reduced the viability of cultured SH-SY5Y cells (p < 0.05) and significantly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.01). AβO exposure also induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, AβO significantly increased the level of hyperphosphorylation of tau at sites T181 and T205 in SH-SY5Y cells (p < 0.01). Using edaravone, a free radical scavenger with neuroprotective properties, as the control, the possible protective and anti-oxidative effects of curcumin (40 μM) and resveratrol (20 μM) were evaluated.

The results suggest that curcumin and resveratrol decreased ROS generation, attenuated oxidative stress, inhibited tau hyperphosphorylation, and protected SH-SY5Y cells from AβO damage. Both curcumin and resveratrol are promising supplements or medicine as therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD.

 



Full length article

Time course of optic nerve sheath dilation: In vitro response characteristics to controlled pressure elevations

Hansen et al.

 

Optic nerve sheath (ONS) dilation indicates intracranial pressure elevation under clinical conditions but limited data exist with regard to the dynamics of sheath expansion.

This study assesses the time course of ONS widening and its stability under controlled pressure conditions in vitro.

ONS dilation commences rapidly after pressure exposure with a predictable time course over 3–4 min. Elasticity changes presumably affecting trabecular structures cause upward shifts of the optic nerve sheath pressure response. Clinically, ONSD shifts should be considered in serial measurements for increasing intracranial pressure monitoring, but relevant response delays are absent for lower or higher changes of intracranial pressure.

Full length article

Truncal ataxia and the vestibulo spinal reflex. A historical review

Kattah et al.

 

The vestibulospinal pathway was described many years ago. Along with it, the vestibulospinal signs that are used for the diagnosis of vestibular disorders were described. In this work we summarize the history of the vestibulospinal pathway, the classic signs and the new signs that can be used in the diagnosis of vestibular disorders, paying special attention to truncal ataxia as a useful element to differentiate central from peripheral pathology.