The special issue on Tardive Dyskinesia, edited by Daniel Truong and Robert Hauser, has been completed as Volume 389 (June 15, 2018) and is now available of both the online journal site as well as on ScienceDirect.

This is an exceptional special issue and should be of interest and benefit to many professionals, in particular in view of the recent approval of two new medications for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. 

Free online access is available to all articles of this excellent special issue until the end of 2018 for all our readers on the online journal site.

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Issue highlights

Tardive dyskinesia: Out of the shadows

Robert A. Hauser, Daniel Truong

The approvals of the first two medications, valbenazine and deutetrabenazine, to treat tardive dyskinesia have ushered in a new era in neuropsychiatric care. Tardive syndromes are defined as delayed onset, persistent movement disorders or sensory phenomena that occur in association with exposure to dopamine receptor blocking agents (DRBAs). Their underlying pathophysiology remains to be fully elucidated, but clinicians can conceptualize tardive syndromes as persistent dopamine supersensitivity states. 

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Historical perspectives on tardive dyskinesia

Stanley N. Caroff, Gabor S. Ungvari, David G. Cunningham Owens

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a persistent hyperkinetic movement disorder associated with dopamine receptor blocking agents including antipsychotic medications. Although uncertainty and concern about this drug side effect have vacillated since its initial recognition 60 years ago, recent commercial interest in developing effective treatments has rekindled scientific and clinical interest after a protracted period of neglect. In this paper, we review the early clinical reports that led to the acceptance of TD as an iatrogenic disorder and the lingering controversies that emerged thereafter.

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The nosology of tardive syndromes

Karen Frei, Daniel D. Truong, Stanley Fahn, Joseph Jankovic, Robert A. Hauser

Since the original description of side effects of neuroleptics, different terminologies and definitions for tardive dyskinesia (TD) and tardive syndrome (TS) have been used by different authors, and often these two terms have been used interchangeably. This paper proposes a nosology designed to define and clarify various terms and phenomenologies within the TS spectrum.

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Tardive dyskinesia: Epidemiology

Anelyssa D'Abreu, Umer Akbar, Joseph H. Friedman

The term tardive syndrome (TS) encompasses a few different phenomenologic conditions, some of which occur in isolation and others in association with each other. This, along with the unusual confound for a drug side effect, in which increased use of the drug improves the problem, and the need for most patients to continue taking the offending drug, makes understanding the epidemiology difficult and unreliable.

While the change from the “first generation” to the “second generation” of antipsychotic drugs is generally believed to have reduced the incidence of TS, prospective research studies have not supported that contention. Regardless of the possible differences, it is clear that TS remains a significant and common problem associated with almost all antipsychotic drugs. There have also been scattered reports of TS caused by drugs not known to inhibit dopamine receptors. These are reviewed and were found to be often of dubious reliability.

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